Electric Vehicle Range & Energy: kWh/100 km, Charging Time & Trip Planning

What you'll build

What you will be able to do

Each lab ends with a concrete result that you build yourself and the checker confirms, cell by cell.

• Work out the usable battery energy of four illustrative EVs and convert their consumption between kWh/100 km, Wh/km, km/kWh and mi/kWh.
• Turn six driving scenarios into full range, a practical trip range between 90 % and 10 % charge, the change against mixed driving, and a bar chart that compares them.
• Calculate the power needed against rolling resistance and air drag at six steady speeds, turn it into kWh/100 km and chart how consumption climbs with speed.
• Apply illustrative temperature penalties to consumption and available energy, calculate the range from −10 °C to 40 °C, compare it with 20 °C and interpolate the range for a 5 °C forecast.
• Model a fast-charging session band by band: cap the car's power at the charger's rating, calculate energy and minutes per band, add them up and find the true average power from 10 % to 80 %.
• Include charging losses in the price per kWh, compare four charging options per 100 km and per year, and calculate the blended cost of a realistic charging mix.
• Plan a four-leg road trip: arrival state of charge after each leg, the charging time to the planned level, driving time and the total trip time including stop overheads.
• Chain four efficiency stages into a wall-to-wheel efficiency, convert wheel energy into energy from the wall, calculate CO2 per km on four grids and find the grid intensity at which the EV matches a petrol car.